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Workplace health data

UK sickness absence rates

The short answer

In 2025 the UK sickness absence rate was 2.0% of working hours. An estimated 148.8 million working days were lost to sickness or injury, an average of 4.4 days per worker.

By industry the rate ran from 1.0% in financial and insurance activities, and in professional, scientific and technical activities, to 3.3% in transport and storage. By region it ran from 1.5% in London to 2.4% in Yorkshire and The Humber.

These are Office for National Statistics estimates from the Labour Force Survey, covering everyone in employment aged 16 and over. They are national context. They are not a benchmark for any individual employer, and the reason why is set out below.

ONS release of 1 May 2026 Data year 2025 Page last reviewed 14 August 2026
2.0%
UK sickness absence rate
The percentage of working hours lost to sickness or injury in 2025. Unchanged from 2024.
148.8m
Working days lost
Across the whole UK workforce in 2025. A working day here is 7 hours 30 minutes.
4.4
Days lost per worker
Total days lost divided by everyone in employment aged 16 and over, including those who took none.
8.9%
Occurrences given as mental health
11.5% of days lost. ONS counts stress, depression, anxiety and serious mental health problems in this category.

Explore the figures

Eleven breakdowns published by ONS for 2025, reproduced without recalculation. Pick a breakdown, and switch between the two measures. Every table below is in the page whether or not scripts run.

Measure

Industry sector

What is the sickness absence rate in my sector?

Sickness absence by industry sector, UK, 2025. Source: ONS, Table 21 and Table 21b.
Industry sectorAbsence rate (% of working hours lost)Days lost per worker
H: Transport & storage3.3%7.9
Q: Human health & social work activities3%6.2
B,D,E: Mining, energy and water supply2.9%7.3
O: Public admin & defence; social security2.4%5.6
C: Manufacturing2.2%5.4
P: Education2.1%4
G: Wholesale, retail & repair of motor vehicles2%4.2
N: Administrative & support services2%4.3
L: Real estate activities [u]1.8%3.6
R,S,T: Other services1.5%3
F: Construction1.4%3.4
I: Accommodation & food services1.4%2.6
A: Agriculture, forestry & fishing [u]1.2%3.2
J: Information & communication1.1%2.6
K: Financial & insurance activities1%2.4
M: Professional, scientific & technical activities1%2.3

Country and region

How does sickness absence vary across the UK?

Sickness absence by country and region, UK, 2025. Source: ONS, Table 9 and Table 9b.
Country and regionAbsence rate (% of working hours lost)Days lost per worker
Yorkshire and The Humber2.4%5.1
Scotland2.3%4.9
North East2.2%4.9
Northern Ireland2.2%5
North West2.1%4.6
East Midlands2.1%4.6
South West2.1%4.4
East2%4.3
South East2%4.4
Wales1.9%4.1
West Midlands1.8%4
London1.5%3.3
United Kingdom2%4.4
Great Britain2%4.3
England2%4.3

Occupation group

Which occupations lose the most time to sickness?

Sickness absence by occupation group, UK, 2025. Source: ONS, Table 16 SOC20 and Table 16b SOC20.
Occupation groupAbsence rate (% of working hours lost)Days lost per worker
Process, Plant And Machine Operatives3.3%8.1
Elementary Occupations3%5.1
Caring, Leisure And Other Service Occupations2.6%5
Sales And Customer Service Occupations2.4%4.4
Skilled Trades Occupations2.1%5.1
Associate Professional Occupations2%4.5
Administrative And Secretarial Occupations1.8%3.8
Professional Occupations1.6%3.8
Managers, Directors and Senior Officials1%2.6

Size of workforce

Is sickness absence different in small organisations?

Sickness absence by size of workforce, UK, 2025. Source: ONS, Table 15 and Table 15b.
Size of workforceAbsence rate (% of working hours lost)Days lost per worker
500 or more employees2.3%5.5
50-499 employees2.2%5
Less than 25 employees1.7%3.6
25-49 employees1.5%3.3

Age group

How does sickness absence vary with age?

Sickness absence by age group, UK, 2025. Source: ONS, Table 8 and Table 8b.
Age groupAbsence rate (% of working hours lost)Days lost per worker
aged 65 and over3.3%5
aged 50 to 642.8%6.2
aged 35 to 491.7%4
aged 25 to 341.5%3.5
aged 16 to 241.3%2.4

Sex

How does sickness absence differ between men and women?

Sickness absence by sex, UK, 2025. Source: ONS, Table 6 and Table 6b.
SexAbsence rate (% of working hours lost)Days lost per worker
women2.4%4.6
men1.7%4.1

Public or private sector

Is absence higher in the public sector?

Sickness absence by public or private sector, UK, 2025. Source: ONS, Table 11 and Table 11b.
Public or private sectorAbsence rate (% of working hours lost)Days lost per worker
Public sector2.9%6.2
Private sector1.7%3.8

Full time or part time

Do part-time workers take more sickness absence?

Sickness absence by full time or part time, UK, 2025. Source: ONS, Table 17 and Table 17b.
Full time or part timeAbsence rate (% of working hours lost)Days lost per worker
Part-time2.8%3.3
Full-time1.9%4.7

Long-term health condition

How much does a long-term health condition change the picture?

Sickness absence by long-term health condition, UK, 2025. Source: ONS, Table 10 and Table 10b.
Long-term health conditionAbsence rate (% of working hours lost)Days lost per worker
long-term health condition4%8.3
no long-term health condition1%2.3

Disability status

What is the gap between disabled and non-disabled workers?

Sickness absence by disability status, UK, 2025. Source: ONS, Table 18 and Table 18b.
Disability statusAbsence rate (% of working hours lost)Days lost per worker
Disabled6.2%12.5
Not disabled1.2%2.6

Reason given for the absence

What do people actually take sickness absence for?

Sickness absence by reason, UK, 2025. Source: ONS, Table 5 and Table 4a.
ReasonShare of occurrencesShare of days lost
Minor illnesses30.4%22.2%
Other15.6%19.1%
Musculoskeletal problems14.6%18.3%
Mental health conditions8.9%11.5%
Gastrointestinal problems6.6%6.2%
Respiratory conditions5.6%5.8%
Prefers not to give details4.5%4.3%
Headaches and migraines4.4%2.8%
Eye/ear/nose/mouth/dental problems3.8%3.7%
Genito-urinary problems3%2.8%
Heart, blood pressure, circulation problems2.6%3.4%

Rows marked [u] are flagged by ONS as based on a sample of between 3 and 25 responses. Treat them as indicative only. Shaded rows are totals that contain the rows above them, not comparable areas in their own right.

Rate or days lost: two different questions

The two measures on this page are easy to mix up, and they do not always move together.

The sickness absence rate is the share of working hours lost. ONS defines it as "proportional to the total hours lost because of sickness or injury divided by total hours multiplied by 100". It is a proportion of the time people were expected to work, so it is not affected by how many hours that is.

Days lost per worker converts hours into days at 7 hours 30 minutes each, then divides by everyone in employment, including everyone who took no sickness absence at all. So it is an average across the whole workforce, not the length of a typical absence.

Part-time workers show why the distinction matters. In 2025 their absence rate was 2.8%, well above the 1.9% for full-time workers. But they lost 3.3 days per worker against 4.7 for full-time workers. A higher share of a shorter working week is fewer days. Both numbers are correct, and quoting either one alone tells you something different.

ONS's own guidance is that the rate is the measure to use when comparing over time, because furlough and shielding during 2020 and 2021 distorted the days-lost measures without affecting the rate.

What this page is not

It is not a benchmark you can measure your organisation against, and it would be easy to build one that looked convincing and meant nothing. Three reasons, all of them properties of the source rather than opinions about it.

There is no employer in this data. The Labour Force Survey is a household survey of individuals. Nobody's HR system is being read. Industry, occupation, public or private sector, workforce size and full or part-time status are, in ONS's own note, "self-defined by the respondent". So "manufacturing, 2.2%" is the average for people who told an interviewer they work in manufacturing, which is not the same population as the employees on any given manufacturer's payroll.

The categories are broad and the samples are uneven. Sixteen industry sectors cover the whole economy. Two of them carry an ONS low-sample flag. An organisation of forty people is not a sample of anything.

A difference is not a finding. If your own absence figure is above or below a national one, that gap has no interpretation on its own: it could be your workforce's age profile, your sector definition, how you count, or ordinary variation between small numbers. It is not evidence that anything in your organisation is going right or wrong.

What the figures are genuinely good for is context. They tell you what proportion of working time the country loses, what people say the reasons are, and where the national picture sits, which is useful when you are deciding what is worth measuring in your own organisation and what a sensible question looks like. What a smaller employer should actually track is a separate question, and we have written it up separately.

The same rule we apply to the map

We publish a mental health map of England built on local-authority public health data, and it carries the same warning as this page: your employees' postcode is context, not a diagnosis. Population data describes a population. It does not describe your workforce, and it says nothing about any individual in it.

Sources and method

Everything on this page is reproduced from one ONS release. No figure here is modelled, adjusted, combined across sources or recalculated by us.

Source organisationOffice for National Statistics
DatasetSickness absence in the UK labour market, 2025 edition, and the accompanying bulletin
Release date1 May 2026. Next release: to be announced by ONS.
Retrieved14 August 2026
Underlying surveyLabour Force Survey. Each annual figure is the average of four quarterly person datasets.
PopulationEveryone in employment aged 16 and over, whole of the UK.
GeographyUnited Kingdom, with country and English region breakdowns. No local authority breakdown is published in this release.
Statistical statusONS labels these "official statistics in development".
DefinitionsSickness absence rate: total hours lost to sickness or injury, divided by total hours, times 100. Days lost: hours lost multiplied by 52 and divided by 7.5. Days lost per worker: days lost divided by the number of people in employment aged 16 and over. A working day is 7 hours 30 minutes.
Which tablesRates and days per worker: Tables 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, 16, 17, 18 and 21, with their "b" counterparts. Reasons: Tables 5 and 4a. UK totals: Tables 1, 2 and 3.
LicenceContains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
How this page is builtA script in our website repository reads the published workbook and writes both the tables and the data behind the controls, so the two cannot drift apart. Refreshing to a new ONS edition is deliberately a manual step: definitions and table numbering change between editions, and the notes need reading before new numbers go on a public page.

Limitations we would want a journalist to know

  • A discontinuity at 2018/2019. LFS datasets from 2019 were reweighted to 2022 mid-year population estimates, so there is a step change between 2018 and 2019. Comparisons that cross that line are not like-for-like.
  • Extra volatility around 2023 and 2024. ONS advises "additional caution when interpreting survey change measures" over that period, following changes to LFS data collection and sampling.
  • 2020 and 2021 are pandemic years. Furlough, shielding and homeworking affected the days-lost measures in particular. ONS recommends the rate for comparisons over time for that reason.
  • Self-defined categories. Industry, occupation, sector, workforce size and full or part-time status all come from what the respondent said, not from an employer record.
  • Low-sample estimates. Cells flagged [u] rest on between 3 and 25 responses.
  • Reason categories are self-reported and broad. "Minor illnesses" covers coughs, colds, flu, sickness, nausea and diarrhoea. "Other" covers accidents, poisonings, infectious diseases, skin disorders, diabetes and anything not otherwise listed, and from April 2020 interviewers were told to code mentions of coronavirus there. Having a long-term health condition is recorded separately and is not necessarily the reason for any given absence.
  • Occurrences and days lost are different denominators. A reason can be a large share of occurrences and a smaller share of days lost, or the reverse, depending on how long those absences run.

Questions people ask

What is the average sickness absence rate in the UK?

In 2025 the UK sickness absence rate was 2.0% of working hours. An estimated 148.8 million working days were lost to sickness or injury, an average of 4.4 days per worker. The figures come from the Office for National Statistics, using the Labour Force Survey, and cover everyone in employment aged 16 and over.

Which industry has the highest sickness absence rate?

Of the industry sectors published for 2025, transport and storage had the highest rate at 3.3%, followed by human health and social work activities at 3.0%, and mining, energy and water supply at 2.9%. The lowest were financial and insurance activities and professional, scientific and technical activities, both at 1.0%.

What is the difference between the sickness absence rate and days lost?

The rate is the percentage of working hours lost to sickness or injury. Days lost per worker divides total days lost by everyone in employment, using a working day of 7 hours 30 minutes. They can point in opposite directions: in 2025 part-time workers had a higher rate than full-time workers, 2.8% against 1.9%, but lost fewer days per worker, 3.3 against 4.7, because their working hours are shorter.

Can I use these rates as a benchmark for my organisation?

Not as a like-for-like benchmark. These are Labour Force Survey estimates: a household survey of individuals, in which industry, occupation, sector and workforce size are self-defined by the person answering, not taken from an employer's records. There is no employer-level sample. The figures give useful national context for what you measure and why, but a difference between your own absence figure and a national one is not evidence that anything is wrong or right in your organisation.

How much sickness absence is due to mental health?

In 2025, mental health conditions accounted for 8.9% of occurrences of sickness absence and 11.5% of days lost. ONS defines this category as including stress, depression, anxiety and serious mental health problems. Because the share of days lost exceeds the share of occurrences, absences given this reason tended to run longer than average.

Is sickness absence higher in small businesses?

In the 2025 figures it was lower. Workplaces with fewer than 25 employees had a rate of 1.7% and those with 25 to 49 employees 1.5%, against 2.2% for 50 to 499 employees and 2.3% for 500 or more. Workforce size in this survey is self-defined by the person answering, and the difference is not explained by the data, so it should be read as a pattern in the estimates rather than an effect of size.

Read next

ZF

Zak Fenton · Founder, Alltoogether

Written by Zak Fenton, MSc Workplace Health and Wellbeing (Distinction), founder of Alltoogether, a UK employee-benefits broker and workplace-health platform.

Figures reproduced from the ONS release of 1 May 2026. Page last reviewed 14 August 2026.

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